Freedom And Freedom Of Freedom - 872 Words

What is freedom? Many people have a different view of freedom. Some people can see freedom politically, financially, or freedom of expression. The meaning and views about freedom had changed throughout history. Due to European s social crisis, which causes many poor colonists to leave England for North America. Many early European settlers came to North America because they wanted more religious freedom, to set up their own colony, and have a better government. ...as in a well governed and Christian Commonwealth matters concerning religious and the honor of God ought in the first place to be taken into serious consideration...whatsoever person ...deny our Savior Jesus Christ to be son od God shall be punished with death and confiscation... (Voices of Freedom pg.28) Furthermore, the English immigrants to North America and settled in the colony of Virginia called Jamestown. English men had difficult times living there due to diseases breakout, and, also to begin with there were only a few travelers who had made it to the North America. Their freedom was to establish a new government which would recreate English society in North America. They wanted to create a city upon a hill, a perfect idea l for New English to follow. They wanted to be a city on a hill that everyone else would admire and want to emulate. Colonists had differents view about freedom, even for indentured servants as well. Indentured servants must have to surrender their freedom for a specific time,Show MoreRelatedFreedom And Freedom Of Freedom885 Words   |  4 PagesDid you know that freedom helped our forefathers shape America throughout the centuries? Freedom is a way to describe independence and a way to self-govern oneself. Freedom is what united the thirteen colonies and gave them the courage to fight for their freedom. Ever since the day settlers set foot on American soil to the day the Declaration of Independence was signed to declare America as an independent nation. Colonist knew that freedom would be the key to create a diverse nation in which it allowedRead MoreFreedom And Freedom Of Freedom1864 Words   |  8 Pages Freedom, a loosely used word to describe something that us Americans, enjoy on a daily basis. Freedom, as defined in the Oxford Online Dictionary as being in â€Å"the state or fact of bein g free from servitude, constraint, inhibition, etc.; liberty.† America, prior to gaining independence in 1776 from Great Britain, was not referred to as a free country. The colonists, were under constant control of the British, even half-way around the world. Freedom during this time period prior to 1776 did not experienceRead MoreFreedom And Freedom Of Freedom1260 Words   |  6 PagesFreedom is one of the major aspects that we as Americans look at in perspective, in the United States today, freedom meaning â€Å"the ability to achieve one’s preferences.† In other words, the more you get to do what you want, the freer you are. Obviously, all societies have to limit the freedom of their citizens; being free to steal and kill is not a virtue, of a person or a nation. When freedom is justly abolished it is a complex issue. One suggestion has been that governments may limit the behaviorRead MorePrivacy, Freedom, And Freedom Of Freedom1303 Words   |  6 PagesWith out directly stating in The Bill of Rights that we have a right to privacy, I believe we can all draw our own conclusions to what some of them mean. Such as the first amendment that states that we have freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and freedom of press. The very definition of freedom according to Defnition.com states â€Å"the state of being free or at liberty rather than in confinement or under physical restraint.† To me the first amendment means that we have the right to privacy of ourRead MoreFreedom Of Speech : The Freedoms Of Freedom Of Speech937 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom of speech now a day’s means being able to have the right to express one’s own opinions without restraint. The United States of America is an open country for any U.S. citizen to be free to say what one would like. By citizens having freedom of speech, it gives the people the right to use hate speech. Freedom of speech belongs to every person in the United States. Here lately citizens are witnessing the rising concerns with hate speech. Unfortunately, hate speech is protected by freedomRead MoreFreedom : Freedom Of Speech And Freedom Of Speech1167 Words   |  5 Pagesdetermining how much freedom the citizens in a society has. Throughout history we have seen many different type of governments that include North Koreas’ dictatorship to the United States that has a government based on principles of democracy. In societies that have democratic governments such as the United States, England, France, and many other western European countries, the citizens have a high degree of freedom of speech. In addition, these people are allowed to have a high degree of freedom of thoughtRead MoreFreedom Of Exercise And Freedom975 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom of Exercise One of the key principles the United States of America was founded upon was the idea that religious freedom was an inalienable right. Many who sailed to new world were pilgrims who believed the land was a promised land, sacred. They also believed the new world would allow them to escape religious persecution. When the Constitution was developed in 1787, the First Amendment addressed the relationship between the government and religion stating, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respectingRead MoreFreedom Of Freedom Essay753 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom of speech, press, and religion is like a traffic light. The by-laws are always changing and everyone must obey them. What is freedom? Freedom is the act of doing what one pleases without the fear of government intervening or restraining the action. So, if our freedoms are restricted, are we really free? Personally, I do consider the freedoms of the Bill of Rights counts as freedom. It is however, an opinionated topic and just like th e by-laws of the amendments, everyone’s backing case willRead MoreThe Importance Of Freedom On Freedom816 Words   |  4 Pagespreservation; and reason bids me look on him, as an enemy to my preservation, who would take away that freedom which is the fence to it.† Locke explains that others become involved with preserving life in another in order to secure one’s own liberty. Thus, it is also important to preserve liberty within mankind to keep oneself free. This idea of helping another keep one’s freedom and fight for freedom as a majority in order that all may inquire individual liberty, is depicted within the modern groupRead MoreFreedom And Freedom Of Speech Essay2518 Words   |  11 Pages Many people come to the United States looking for freedom and liberty and where their essential rights are protected under the Constitution. However, freedom should not be taken for granted as for every rule there may be limits. The First Amendment of the United St ates’ Constitution states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to

Why i want to be an engineer Free Essays

Why I want to be an engineer? What are the characteristics of succesfull engineer? Through my high school life, I have watching my father was working as a contractor for his part time job other than his permanent job. I am so fascinated by his job and get intrigued by all civil engineering channels on television. As I am on my expedition to define myself, I also acknowledge the value of life and aspire to value everything that dwells within It. We will write a custom essay sample on Why i want to be an engineer or any similar topic only for you Order Now My drive as civil engineers triggers when my closest cousins succeded her career as civil engineer and working at JKR. I have become more confidents to select this path as my career. There are many reasons for why I want to participate in becoming an engineer. My greatest anxiety for people Is their need for safety and comfort. Growing up In a safe neighborhood, I understand the importance of safety. Other than that, it’s a job that pays a practically high income due to the level of skills and expertise required, and the ongoing responsibilities to ensure safe, accurate, and enduring engineering outcomes. On the other hand, Clvll engineers can work in a diversity of work environments, including in the public sector, as contractors, consultants, or even as part of a firm hat undertakes work outsourced from municipalities and government. That Is why im still contented with my choices in this field as I still can decide which path do I want to take part with. Throughout my Internship when I studied at polytechnic, I have been working in a consultant firm. I have felt that it suits me better than working as contractor. But, I never get Involved yet working in a construction firm. On my Journey to become a succesfull engineer, there are many features that need to be fullfil. I think to become a successful engineer; you need to acquire the alue of teamwork, cooperation, ceativity and management skills. Then, having a big picture as mentality, creatMty, the ability to function as a member of a team, the ability to work without supervision and to handle high levels of responsibility. The important thing is to acquire the needed certificates to Justify our career and get qualify to be a Professional Engineer. Other than that, we need to be result oriented, have good leadership qualities, good communication skills and commitment towards work. My role model in this field is my former boss when I was working during my internship. He has become my iconic engineer that really inspires me because he was striking his way since young to have his own his consultant firm. Astonishingly, he has his own consultant firm that he built with his own to serves people. Other a very respected person, he never slighted his employee’s opinions. I am also fantasizing of having my own consultant’s firm. I am totally obligated to becoming a successful engineer and will work boundlessly in order to achieve my goals. Im keenly to finish my degree and developed as a qualified civil engineers and getting my dreams become reality. How to cite Why i want to be an engineer, Papers

Recycling Done Easy free essay sample

But ALL of us will leave behind TRASH. Lets think how long that trash stays on the Earth. If we drink a Pepsi out of an aluminum can today and throw the can in the trash, it will stay there at least for 60 years, because that is how long it take for soda cans to decompose. We will be 80 maybe 90 years old, some of us may be gone even, but that can will stay somewhere in a landfill. If we use a Styrofoam cup to drink our coffee the cup will stay there forever. Styrofoam never decomposes. All the good things we have done will be gone. The great-grandchildren of our grandchildren will be gone but the Styrofoam cup that we throw in the trash will continue to pollute the earth. Now consider that Americans throw away 25 billion Styrofoam cups a year. Let me tell you how this trash impacts our world, how we can reduce it, II. BODY A. That trash poses a big problem for us because of the damage it causes the environment and our health. [Monroes Motivated Sequence Need Step] 1. Think about it. If we leave small heaps of trash lying around in our apartment or home, eventually that trash will start to disintegrate. . It will take up space. It will create dirt and a stench. It will attract rats and roaches, which will be very hard to get rid of. ii. It will breed bacteria and viruses which can get us very sick. 2. The same happens on the global and national scale. And that’s not just a little bit of trash. i. Let’s look at the U. S. The United States is the number one trash producing country in the world. In fact, US generation of municipal waste has increased from 137 million tons to 230 million tons in 2007, almost twofold. ii. An average American, like me and you generates 4. pounds of waste per day and almost 1,700 pounds of waste per year (New York Times). That means that 5% of world popula tion produces 40% of the world’s waste. (OECD) iii. The trash we produce ends up in landfills, it pollutes our water, soil and air. It attracts rodents and insects. It facilitates spread of disease, including plague (Diaz) . iv. And when trash decomposes or is treated, it releases green house gas emissions, which also contributes to global warming (EPA). B. What can we do about the trail of trash that we leave behind? [Monroes Sequence Satisfaction Step] 1. We can reduce it by recycling. Effective recycling reduces the amount of trash that ends up in landfills and makes new landfills unnecessary. 2. Recycling also reduces the waste of precious resources, including energy, timber and water. i. For example, to produce each weeks Sundays newspapers, about 500,000 trees must be cut down, but if we recycle all of the issues of New York Times published in a single day, we could save 75,000 trees. (Recycling Revolution) 3. The problem of the waste of resources is very urgent. i. For example, East Africa is currently suffering from severe droughts that are taking lives. Meanwhile, immense quantities of water are polluted through industrial production. Recycling trash uses less water than producing the same products from virgin raw materials. Specifically, if we use recycled paper 60% of water used for manufacturing is saved. When recycling steel 40% of industrial water is saved. (Recycling Revolution) 4. In other words, recycling significantly reduces the problem of the waste of clean water. C. The survey of this class shows that all of us recycle. So we all know about the need for recycling and its advantages. However, we know that not everyone recycles. And research shows that not everyone who understands the necessity of recycling, actually recycles. Why is that? [Monroes Motivated Sequence Visualization Step] 1. There are two challenges, which I will try to address. i. First is that recycling doesn’t bring an immediate material benefit. However, there is an immediate moral benefit of doing the right thing. Furthermore, there are long-term health benefits. If we do not recycle, we may suffer from diseases like cancer 50 years from now. ii. The second challenge of recycling is as follows. We all recycle, so we all know that it takes time and it is difficult if the right conditions are not there. In other words, recycling requires a conscious commitment on our part. However, there are simple steps that can make the task easier for us. 1. For example, we can put a box for paper and newspapers next to our trash bin. If we rinse and crash plastic juice bottles, soda cans, and milk containers they will not smell and will take less space. And we can take out or recyclables when more accumulates. 2. If recycling bins do not exist near our homes, we may be able to request blue recycling carts from local authorities. It may help to familiarize ourselves with the location of a closest drop-off center at www. chicagorecycling. org. If a drop-off center is too far, then it might be even easier to look at the nearest park. Chicago Park District Authority usually puts recycling bins in the parks. If we make sorting our trash easier and faster we are more likely to keep recycling. D. Studies also show that people are more likely to recycle if they live in communities which recycle or if they have friends and neighbors who recycle. [Monroes Motivated Sequence Action Step] 1. Therefore, my challenge to this class will be to join in the effort to raise awareness about recycling and make ourselves commit to recycling by talking to at least one friend or co-worker about recycling within the next month. That way we can hold each other accountable in our recycling efforts. III. CONCLUSION: Recycling or not recycling in fact defines us as human beings. Do we recognize ourselves as members of the entire human family and realize that we are trashing and polluting the Earth, our home. Do we, as responsible citizens, think carefully about the footprint we leave behind? Or do we just leave trash? Works Cited: Diaz, L. t al. Solid Waste Management, Volume 2. UNEP/Earthprint, 2006. International Waste Activities. † 2003. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 12 Oct 2009. http://epa. gov Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, â€Å"Municipal Waste Generation Statistics for the OEDC Area,† OECD Factbook, 2010. Oskamp, Stuart. Resource Conse rvation and Recycling: Behavior and Policy. Journal of Social Issues 51. 4 (1995): 157-177. Print. The New York Times, â€Å"Nugdging Recycling from Less Waste to None,† October 19, 2009 Recycling Revolution, â€Å"Recycling Facts,† http://www. recycling-revolution. com/recycling-facts. html Accessed July 22, 2011

People Have Very Different Reasons On Why Going To College And Getting

People have very different reasons on why going to college and getting an education is important for them. Some people go to college because that is what is expected of them, and others go because they have nothing else better to do. However, I am interested in going to college and obtaining a good education because it will benefit my family, my country, and me. My parents have this perfect life for me pictured in their heads, and the first thing they see me doing is going to college. They expect the best of me, and so by going to college, I will not only have fulfilled their goals for me, but I will have accomplished one of the goals I have set for myself. In our culture, when parents come to the age where they can't support themselves, it is the duty of the children to look after them. We don't just throw our elders into retirement homes and visit them twice every year. We are expected to meet their wants and needs, and that will not be possible without a good education, which will then lead to a good job. As you know, a college education is good for each individual, but not only that, it is good for the country. As a college education becomes more obtainable through the use of financial aid, our country benefits the most. We are the future businessmen and women of America, and through our knowledge, the country will grow. The education we get today will help us prosper in the future, and the more we expand our horizons, the more the economy will increase. If students are denied an education because they don't have the means to pay for college, then they are deprived of accomplishing their goals and reaching their fullest potential. In the words of Michael Jackson, "The dream we were conceived in will reveal a joyful face, and the world we once believed in will shine again in grace." With the students of today being educated, the people of tomorrow will prosper. Now that I've explained how my going to college is good for everyone else, I must explain why it is best for me. My dreams and aspirations are to be so successful that I am not dependent on anyone else. Ever since I was a little girl, I have wanted to be someone with power. To obtain power, I have to first obtain the knowledge, and to do that, I need to go to college. I have seen people become too dependent on others, and if anything upsets that relationship, the dependent one just crumbles. I don't want that happening to me, so I plan to study hard, make good grades, and be a top executive in a big firm. For me to accomplish that, I will need financial assistance, because my family isn't affluent enough to send three kids to college at the same time. Going to college has been a dream of mine since I can remember, and so I will try whatever it takes to make it there. Getting the financial assistance I need will make things easier for my family and I, so I am applying to many scholarships with the hopes that one of them will come through for me. I don't give up hope, and with the help of God, I will make it to college, and I will graduate and go on to bigger and better things.

Free Essays on Zapata And The Mexican Revolution

Heather Toneff 11/13/03 Zapata and the Mexican Revolution The Zapatistas were rebel groups under the rule of Emiliano Zapata. A man of local ties in the state of Morelos, Emiliano Zapata fought for the locals. He began as an independent fighter, trying to reclaim land that had been unfairly and unjustly taken from other locals. These lands were under the rule of haciendas, and these haciendas were owned by rich people. The idea that seemed to have emerged throughout the reign of Dictator Porfirio Diaz was that the rich should have a right to everything in order to be richer and to provide a wealthier economy for Mexico itself. Seeing the injustice in this matter, Emiliano Zapata eventually took matters from a state level to a national level. Fortunately for himself, Zapata was trusted by his followers; after all, he was one of them. Unfortunately, Zapata learned in a rather hard way that not everyone can be trusted, and those who seem to be trustworthy probably are even less likely to deserve trust. Zapata and his followers can be commended for their constant devotion to their cause, although not all of them. However, they managed to endure 10 years of battle, with only about one year of seemingly rest and peace in the sate of Morelos. Zapata is considered the most famous revolutionary of all in the Revolution. He started with his own states people, and with his success and the respect he built for himself, he was able to gain more support from other groups. Due to repetitive upset to Zapata by the new president Madero, Zapata withdrew all previous support to the regime and with the help of Otilio Montaà ±o, a schoolteacher from Ayala, he and his followers developed the Play de Ayala (Meyer, 494). This plan would prove to be the basis for which Zapata and the Zapatistas stood. The Plan de Ayala provided for agrarian reform for the villagers and citizens that had previously lost them to wealthier entities. This motiv... Free Essays on Zapata And The Mexican Revolution Free Essays on Zapata And The Mexican Revolution Heather Toneff 11/13/03 Zapata and the Mexican Revolution The Zapatistas were rebel groups under the rule of Emiliano Zapata. A man of local ties in the state of Morelos, Emiliano Zapata fought for the locals. He began as an independent fighter, trying to reclaim land that had been unfairly and unjustly taken from other locals. These lands were under the rule of haciendas, and these haciendas were owned by rich people. The idea that seemed to have emerged throughout the reign of Dictator Porfirio Diaz was that the rich should have a right to everything in order to be richer and to provide a wealthier economy for Mexico itself. Seeing the injustice in this matter, Emiliano Zapata eventually took matters from a state level to a national level. Fortunately for himself, Zapata was trusted by his followers; after all, he was one of them. Unfortunately, Zapata learned in a rather hard way that not everyone can be trusted, and those who seem to be trustworthy probably are even less likely to deserve trust. Zapata and his followers can be commended for their constant devotion to their cause, although not all of them. However, they managed to endure 10 years of battle, with only about one year of seemingly rest and peace in the sate of Morelos. Zapata is considered the most famous revolutionary of all in the Revolution. He started with his own states people, and with his success and the respect he built for himself, he was able to gain more support from other groups. Due to repetitive upset to Zapata by the new president Madero, Zapata withdrew all previous support to the regime and with the help of Otilio Montaà ±o, a schoolteacher from Ayala, he and his followers developed the Play de Ayala (Meyer, 494). This plan would prove to be the basis for which Zapata and the Zapatistas stood. The Plan de Ayala provided for agrarian reform for the villagers and citizens that had previously lost them to wealthier entities. This motiv...

How to Use the French Expression Tant Pis

How to Use the French Expression Tant Pis Tant pis  (pronounced ta(n) pee),  is an everyday French idiomatic expression that literally means so much worse. The phrase is often used as an exclamation that ranges from the mild oh well to the rude tough, depending on how you articulate it in conversation. Its a  useful phrase to know, but be sure youre comfortable using it in different circumstance or you could end up in an embarrassing situation. Expressions of Mood This expression, one of the most common in the French language, can be either fatalistic, expressing a disappointed resignation, or accusatory, indicating that whatever happened is ones own fault. In the most extreme cases, tant pis would be the equivalent of something along the lines of an angry too damn bad or tough. In most cases, though, its said with a lilt, a shrug, and even a smile suggesting oh well or never mind [its not a big deal]. A synonym in French could be Dommage,  Cest dommage,  or Quel dommage  (What a shame.). When something disappointing or sad has happened, a more likely synonym would be, Cest dur.  (Thats hard.) An appropriate  antonym of tant pis  would be good or all the better. Expressions and Usage Jai oublià © dapporter le cadeau, mais tant pis.   I forgot to bring the gift, but oh well / never mind. Cest tant pis pour lui.   Thats just too damn bad for him. Je dirais  tant pis, mais cest dommage. Id say too bad, but its just so sad. Il rà ©pond que cest  tant pis. He says thats  too bad. Si vous à ªtes jaloux,  tant pis. If you guys are jealous,  thats fine. Si tu veux pas comprendre,  tant pis. If you didnt understand it, too bad for you. Bon.  Tant pis, on y va.   All right,  so much for that. Were off. Le gouvernement veut contrà ´ler chaque sou,  tant pis  si les Canadiens souffrent. The government wants to control every penny;  never mind  if Canadians suffer as a result. Si cest impossible,  tant pis. If thats impossible, no worries [theres nothing we can do about it]. Je reste. Tant pis sil nest pas content.   Im staying.  Too bad if he doesnt like it. Tant pis pour lui. Too bad (for him). Additional Resources Tant versus  autantMost common French phrases

Buddhist traditions in the West Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Buddhist traditions in the West - Term Paper Example For example, in 1959, the famous Japanese teacher Suzuki Roshi arrived in San Francisco, and was a key proponent of Buddhist values in the United States and beyond, writing a series of essays on Zen Buddhism. Mass migration from some predominantly Buddhist countries to the West has, of course, also helped in the dissemination of Buddhist religious culture, but it is questionable whether or not it then spread beyond the immigrant communities in their adopted countries. Later, Buddhism became associated with what might be called ‘New-Age’ spirituality, and became something of a fashionable religion, especially among those involved in the entertainment industry. In the West, Buddhism is often thought of as an exotic and progressive, even modern religion, whereas in the East, where it has been developing for centuries, it is more likely to be thought of as traditional and familiar, and part of the basic fabric of society in many countries. Buddhist messages and motifs have b ecome commonplace in Western culture in the past half century, and especially those associated with Tibetan Buddhism. Lopez (1998) found many examples of aspects of Buddhist culture being casually used in the West, and concluded that ‘Tibetan Buddhism has been in for some time’ (p. 2). For example, at the opening ceremony of the 1996 Olympic Games, Micky Hart’s musical piece ‘Call to Nature’ was performed, and this work begins with the chant of a Tibetan monk from Gyuoto monastery. On a more popular level, the 1995 film ‘Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls’ opens with the title character spending some time in a Tibetan monastery, while the 1992 Christmas edition of Paris Vogue magazine invited His Holiness the Dalai Lama as guest editor. While the Dalai Lama is held by Tibetan Buddhists to be the incarnation of the god of compassion, it is as much a political and cultural preoccupation as a spiritual one which gives His Holiness and other Tib etan figures such prominence in the West. Since Tibet’s occupation by the People’s Republic of China, and especially since the flight of the Dalai Lama to India in 1959, the cause of a free Tibet, and an idealization of the life that went on in Tibet prior to the Chinese invasion, has become a major political focus worldwide. Furthermore, the current Western fondness for all things Tibetan stands in stark contrast to the attitudes of their forebears. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, to the extent that anything was known about isolated Tibet, its indigenous Buddhist practices were considered in some sense debased, and a perversion of proper Buddhist practice. Furthermore, Hegel, in 1822, found it ‘both paradoxical and revolting’ that the Dalai Lama held temporal power as well as being worshipped as the reincarnation of a god (Lopez, 1998, p. 4). However, since the Tibetan Diaspora has spread around the world, and the Tibetan causes has attracted m any high-profile followers, there has been a sea-change in Western attitudes towards Tibetan culture and the religion which pervades every aspect of it. For many, Tibetan culture represents what they see as the spiritual ‘

Agency and partnership law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Agency and partnership law - Case Study Example The scope here is primarily to evaluate understanding a specific case as described in the following section and offer necessary advise to ADC, one of the parties involved based on applicable laws and legal liberty. In order to advise ADC of their rights and obligations, it is important to focus on the effect of contract made by the agent Andrew, his status in terms of authority based on agreement, his duties towards the principal and his right towards the third party. A thorough and detailed analysis and interpretation follows in the forth coming sections.ADC Ltd is a company needs 20 sets of Model XXP computers by Christmas 2009 by spending no more than 20,000. Dan is the sales assistant from PC Express, who offers Andrew 20 sets of the new Model XXP Plus computer at a discount price of 30,000. Andrew is sure that ADC Ltd would want the new model of computer rather than the old model and asked Dan to wait for an hour so he can speak to ADC Ltd in order to get the permission. He disc loses that this order would be beyond his power and he is only acting as the agent. When Andrew rings Dan back to confirm the order he is asked specifically whether he received consent from ADC Ltd, Dan is told that it has all been sorted and that permission has been given, the order is made and the goods are delivered. However, Andrew did not in fact seek permission from ADC Ltd, he did ring but no one answered the phone call. Considering he had to contact Dan from PC Express in an hour, he concluded the deal before the written or oral permission from ADC Ltd.... He discloses that this order would be beyond his power and he is only acting as the agent. When Andrew rings Dan back to confirm the order he is asked specifically whether he received consent from ADC Ltd, Dan is told that it has all been sorted and that permission has been given, the order is made and the goods are delivered. However, Andrew did not in fact seek permission from ADC Ltd, he did ring but no one answered the phone call. Considering he had to contact Dan from PC Express in an hour, he concluded the deal before the written or oral permission from ADC Ltd. After Christmas, ADC Ltd asked Andrew to buy another 35 sets of Model XXP computers due to the expansion of the business. James owns a company involved in the production of computers and his business is mainly on importing computers from China and reselling them to the customers in the UK. James has just imported some Model XXP Computers from China. Knowing that Andrew often works as an agent for many companies in the computer business he contacted him with the purpose of concluding a contract. James is aware that Andrew works as an agent for ADC Ltd. However, James does not want Andrew to contract with him on behalf of ADC Ltd as the agent as in every previous transaction ADC Ltd has been very late in making payments. Andrew is aware of the previous problems and of James' current instructions. Andrew enters into a contract with James and signs the contract 'as the agent' for an unnamed purchaser. Some weeks later James discovers that the Andrew contract with him on behalf of ADC Ltd and he pulls out of all future obligations under the contract on this basis. 2.

Employment Communication Essay Example for Free

Employment Communication Essay Employment communication is the communication between employees in an organization which is said to be the most essential aspect that should be put into consideration for a better coordination among the taskforces within an organization, this means that the employees are put in a position to communicate with their employers either in a formal way or informal way to pass information. Through this the employees are enabled to express their grievances, health matters, working environment and legal matters through communication to their employers. A healthy and supportive work environment is found to be the most crucial factor in creating robust employment relationships. Discussion Individuals with strong employment relationships tend to have helpful and friendly co-workers, interesting work, assess their workplace as both healthy and safe, are supported in balancing work with their personal life, and have reasonable job demands. High levels of employee trust and commitment are linked to perceptions that their employer cares about them. If the employees are not satisfied with these aspects then they can call for a meeting with the managerial personnel and this is said to be a formal way of communicating with the authority. (Palmer and Akin, 2006) Communication is also used in the delivering of the resources needed to do the job well this can be done through the provision of training, equipment and information thus indicating to employees the firm’s commitment to employees needs who therefore required to accomplish their tasks. Resources are also likely to make workloads more manageable and enable workers to be more productive in their duties. Through training one can communicate to the employees on what is expected to be done to accomplish their tasks and the policies required to accomplish all tasks. (Dale, 2001) Employment relationships clearly matter for individuals and employers. The strong employment relationships positively influence job satisfaction, skill use and development, workplace morale, and worker absenteeism. In general, strong employment relationships contribute to the quality of work life and the performance of the organization to be of high esteem. On the other hand, perceived problems with pay and job security are more important influences on willingness to work effectively than it is for the strength of employment relationships (Palmer and Akin, 2006) Strong employment communication is associated with the more effective use of human resources and skills. The employees who have strong employment communication have more opportunities in their job to develop and use their skills and abilities in a free environment that they have ways of expressing their thoughts and feelings. This supports the creation of human capital that is so important for both individual well being and healthy organizations goals. . (Yeung, 1997) In this case we find that this communication is usually affected by many factors such as the organizational change which is said to may affect the employees negatively bringing up informal way of expressing their disapproval. Downsizing and restructuring are associated with reduced levels of trust, commitment, communications and worker influence. The employees may down their tools in protest or may also resist change through strike. The changes should be effectively communicated before they are put in place so that the employees are not caught unaware of the changes being effected. Employers or the authority should take charge to convince the employers on the benefits the changes will put in place from the existing organization structure, policies and procedures. (Yeung, 1997) Conclusion There are several ways to address this communication problems being experienced between the employers and employees, but first we have to create an employment relationship that addresses this issues. Employment relationships must be created so that communication is enhanced. The strength of employment relationships matters for individuals. This puts trust, commitment, communication and influence on their list of job selection criteria hence there is not much that individual workers can do short of changing employers or becoming self employed to improve their work environment. Those employees in weak employment relationships desire better communication fairness, respect, recognition, and a more supportive work environment. They also need more opportunities for meaningful input and participation. These are the issues they want employers to address first. The employers have no doubt that creating a supportive and healthy work environment nurtures positive employment relationships. This entails looking into the physical, social and psychological aspects of the workplace everything from workloads to respect and the resources needed to do an effective job. The most important issue is how the work is organized. Trust is associated with restructuring and downsizing also low levels of commitment. Most workplaces are organized to give more scope for participation so as to have stronger employment relationships. The content of the job is also an important issue especially providing skilled and interesting tasks so that the goals of the organization can be effectively communicated. Policies and measures should be put in place to address this communication issues so that the employee’s grievances or conditions can be addresses at ease. With policies the employee’s issues will certainly reach to their employers who will know how to address them than going to extreme reactions like calling for strikes or the workers having to lay down tools. The strict consequences or measures put in place will also prevent them from resolving the issues in a violent way but do it in a formal way. For example employees may face a sack from work if he goes contrary to this ways of addressing the issues. A relational perspective on work points toward the goal of creating cohesive, prosperous, and personally supportive workplaces and communities through effective communication means. We can therefore conclude that defining characteristics of a good job, the qualities of trust, commitment, communication and influence is important means for employment relationship between the employer and his employee. Thus both formal and informal ways should be set up to ease communication and flow of information in employment is an organization or business.

Hawthornes Characters: Pride Of Intellect :: essays research papers

Hawthorne's Characters: Pride of Intellect Many of Hawthorne's characters wrap themselves in a pride of intellect. The characters become victims of their pride and consequently suffer. Goodman Brown, from "Young Goodman Brown" and Hooper, from "The Minister's Black Veil" are two characters that suffer from a pride of intellect. Their pride causes them similar problems and they end up living similar lives, although they came from different backgrounds. Hooper and Goodman Brown both become isolated from society. Hooper had a revelation, and he feels that he truly understands human nature and sin. However, he believes that he is above everybody else because he has this understanding. This is what causes the major separation between Hooper and society. After Hooper dawns the veil he can no longer function or act as a normal person, because of this feeling of superiority. His perception of an ultimate human isolation leaves him the man most isolated in what Hawthorne describes as that saddest of all prisons, his own heart . . . "(The Minister's Black Veil,228). The veil affects all parts of his life, his fiance leaves him and he can no longer relate to his congregation the same way. "As a result of wearing the veil, Hooper becomes a man apart, isolated from love and sympathy, suspected and even feared by his congregation"(Minister's Black Veil, 228). Goodman Brown suffers the same fate because he also has a feeling of superiority over the rest of the village. He attains this feeling after he sees all the people that he though were good and pure participating in satanic rituals in the forest. He looses all faith in the community and feels as though he is above them because he was able to resist the devil. The lack or trust trusting that Goodman Brown had separated him from the community because he was a strong Puritan and felt as though he could not associate devil worshipers. "Brown, despairing and embittered, belongs neither to the Devil's party nor to the only other life-sustaining cause he knows--that of the Puritan faith and the Puritan community"(Levy,119). Hooper and Goodman Brown's pride of intellect cause them to loose a loved one and their kind and loving nature. Hooper drives his fiance Elizabeth away by wearing the veil. Elizabeth sees how Hooper is separating himself and it scares her away from their purposed marriage. "Hooper's fiancee, seems at first unawed by the veil. To her it is merely a cloth that hides the face she most delights to see. But, like a sudden twilight in the air, Elizabeth suddenly senses the unapproachable inner isolation of the man who wears it, and its'

Study of Knowledge

Epistemology – The Study of Knowledge Jeff Castro PHI 200 Dr. Akins February 4, 2013 Epistemology – The Study of Knowledge The study of knowledge has always been the journey toward truth and understanding. Epistemology deals with the creation and distribution of knowledge in certain areas of inquiry. Humans should be free to gain, study and question knowledge and claims without repercussions in any social, cultural or religious setting. As we move forward in our understanding of life, religion and nature, we have changed our way of thinking through philosophy.We are less ignorant and uneducated about the truths of the world and how we as human beings perform in it. Knowledge and the confirmation of knowledge can be confirmed by propositional and procedural knowledge or knowledge by acquaintance. Propositional knowledge is expressed in declarative sentences or indicative propositions of one’s knowledge based on the known or knowing that. If someone says â€Å"all birds have feathers† they are stating or asserting a proposition that is factual or somewhat factual. Procedural knowledge is the knowledge used in the performance of a task, such as knowing how to replace brakes on a vehicle.It is learned knowledge through doing that act. Knowledge by acquaintance is experience based knowledge learned through casual interaction, such as knowing a place or person well (Mosser, 2010). Knowing for certain is always questionable because everything can be challenged. For the three identified ways of attaining knowledge, the most challenged one is propositional knowledge. Propositional knowledge receives the most skepticism because of the statements it brings forward, like â€Å"I believe that†, â€Å"I know that† and â€Å"I think that† (Steup, 2005). These statements are based on one’s beliefs, thoughts and ideas which can be questioned.If knowledge is based on one’s beliefs or opinions it will bring challenges , but remember an individual’s ideas based on beliefs or opinions should respected. We are certain of the other two due to experiencing or performing acts to solidify the knowledge. But then still can be questioned because of different procedures or experiences can still result in a different or validation of an outcome or answer. To justify what we really know is inherited, learned or experienced. We cannot really be certain of our knowledge because we can be tricked or limited by our sense that provides us this information to confirm or deny what we know or learn.Knowledge at one point is imperfect, but the truth at that point and is reinforced by the progress of science to be an absolute truth to some degree and as Vladimir Lenin says, â€Å"There is no impassable boundary between relative and absolute truth. † (Bogdanov, 1908). The normal order of the world is how we perceive it through our senses. It can play tricks on us and deceive through illusions that the min d receives from sight, sound, taste and touch. How humans recognize what is real and not real through their senses is known as empiricism (Mosser, 2010).Empiricists view that there is no such thing as innate knowledge, but instead knowledge is received from experience. On the argument side you have rationalism which view knowledge to be innate. It argues that the knowledge of God, mathematics and science cannot be explained by the senses (Mosser, 2010). But this does contradicts how we learn, because without the senses how do we learn mathematics, science or the knowledge of God (the bible). Innate knowledge is derived from the mind, but requires other things to support or build the mind, the senses.Let’s break down the five senses (vision, sound, touch, smell and taste) and try to understand what can be limited and why. Vision can be received or altered based on the ability to distinguish objects, the depth or field, color, contrast, or even color blindness. Sound can be aff ected by the volume or pitch that is received by the ears. Touch can be affected by your haptic perception and how sensitive one’s outer skin is. Smell and taste can be affected by our bad habits (smoking and drinking), disease or medications. So the limitations of one’s senses can fool and be limited by our own doings and by the aging process (Gwizdka, 2010).Cognitive relativism is the idea of the knowledge we hold of the real world requires assistance from our mental/mind to build and support and that things being the truth or false are relative to a society, group or individual. I also realize that there are cognitive bias, notational bias and culture bias, which prevents us from seeing or analyzing something objectively with our senses (empiricism) which we cannot discount. So to really assert a position of truth would depend on who interprets it based on moral, ethical, or social view (Slick, 2012).Friedrich Nietzsche developed perspectivism which supports cogniti ve relativism in that there are many possible perspectives to determine any possible assessment of the truth to be determined. This means that there is doubt and uncertainty about how we see the world and the truth about it based on perspectives. The limits to human perception or cognition are bounded by each individual and how they can comprehend or process what they are receiving. The processing of the knowledge can be expanded upon through the use of one’s innate knowledge.We limited ourselves based on what we only know and what is in front of us. If we can make sense of the world beyond what our senses take in we would be much better off, but remember it is all based on one’s perspective of faith, ideas, thoughts and knowledge. Skepticism is originally was defined as someone who simply looked at things and now it is someone who doubts claims. Skepticism forces claims to be justified (Mosser, 2010). When assessing epistemology on the bases of what is known and the u nknown we will still question everything for it is uncertain that we really know the truth about something.Yet there will still be limits on what we question because some are based on faith, which is an individual’s belief in their religion. There are several types of skepticism: moral, religious, metaphysical and scientific. Each identifying a particular area to question or doubt, but what I find most questionable or intriguing are the religious skepticism or theological skepticism which examines faith-based claims and scientific skepticism or empirical skepticism which uses the scientific method of examining claims.Religious skepticism does not mean one would be either an Atheist or Agnostic. These skeptics question religious authority, but are not anti-religious just because they question specific or all religious beliefs or practices. One of the first religious skeptics was Socrates, he questioned the legitimacy of the beliefs during his time of the existence of various g ods and this led to his trial and execution. Scientific skepticism seek proof through deductive argument before accepting any knowledge in any area, such as health claims, environmental claims, parapsychology, etc.Carl Sagan originated scientific skepticism and was a world-famous astronomer and astrophysicist well known for supporting the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence (SETI) and questioned that there was more than earth in our and other vast universes. There is also a sub-set of scientific skepticism which is call activist skepticism who seek to expose or prove false publicly what they see as the truth behind extraordinary claims (Klein, 2000). Socrates claimed that he knew one and only one thing: that he knew nothing, which was in line with being a Pyrrhonist.He questioned everyone who claimed to have knowledge, hoping to learn from them, but he never claimed that gaining knowledge was impossible and never claimed to discover any knowledge. As such proof of never record ing anything to prove or disprove his knowledge (Mosser, 2010). Sagan wrote in his publications â€Å"Too much openness and you accept every notion, idea, and hypothesis—which is tantamount to knowing nothing. Too much skepticism—especially rejection of new ideas before they are adequately tested—and you’re not only unpleasantly grumpy, but also closed to the advance of science.A judicious mix is what we need. † (Sagan, 1995). Both men were skeptics who believed in questioning and challenging claims and exhibited a fascination with discovery. I believe it is in our nature to question everything to ensure we have validated the claim, but as Sagan has stated there is a fine line before tilting it too far to the left or right. I believe the two skepticisms try to get at the answer of how humans came to being. The religious skeptic will question all religions by comparing claims and questioning why to find the ultimate truth of our existence and our tr ue meaning.The scientific skeptic will require proof in the way of science before accepting knowledge to be true (Munchin, 2011). By taking the two and trying to analyze and form a more complete set of questions to develop a more sensible truth or theory behind the human existence would possibly help me understand or rationalize the questions of â€Å"why† and â€Å"how† in my mind. But I understand there are limits to what I chose to believe as my ideas or perceptions (Shogenji, 2011). The decision between right and wrong is relative to one’s society or cultural background.Relativism in the Muslim world would be a death sentence (honor killing) and we would see it as radical relativism. It is easily defendable in their culture and country because it is viewed as a norm or way of life, but not so within most other countries. It is all about perspective because we to at one time burned people at the stake for being witches. Ignorance and lack of education or know ledge made it defensible and accepted at that time. So is radical relativism defensible, it is all about an individual’s or country’s perspective, religious beliefs and culture to decide one way or the other (Mosser, 2010).The basic understanding of philosophy and how it affects our lives is sometimes transparent to most people because they only do without thinking. We have gotten so busy with our tethered lives we do not take the time to question why something is true or not, we move around like mindless beings. Epistemology gives us that way to question and seek knowledge to validate truth and to hope to truly understand the â€Å"why† and â€Å"how† of our lives and everything in and around us.Humans should be free to gain, study and question knowledge and claims without repercussions in any social, cultural or religious setting. But this is an ongoing battle to be free from repercussions or persecution of our thoughts, ideas and actions when publicall y projected. Some countries and cultures still lash out in the way of medieval and barbaric manner at anything that does not fit their way of life and interactions, but it is all relative and it still falls within the study of philosophy.Choosing to accept this or not, based on beliefs, ideas and religion is your choice, but to understand and have a greater degree of insight of knowledge and truth is true epistemology. References Bogdanov, A. (1908). Absolute and Relative Truth, or the Eclecticism of Engels. Retrieved from: http://www. marxists. org/archive/lenin/works/1908/mec/two5. htm Gwizdka, J. (2010). Human Perception & Cognition. Retrieved from: http://comminfo. rutgers. edu/~jacekg/teaching/ITI230_HCI/2006_4f/lectures/Lecture3. pdf Klein, P. (2000).Contextualism and the Real Nature of Academic Skepticism. Retrieved from: http://www. jstor. org. proxy-library. ashford. edu/stable/pdfplus/3050570. pdf? acceptTC=true Mosser, K. (2010). A Concise Introduction to Philosophy. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Munchin, D. (2011). ‘Is theology a science? ’ Paul Feyerabend’s anarchic epistemology as challenge test to T. F. Torrance’s scientific theology. Retrieved from: http://search. proquest. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/cv_756002/docview/894110952/fulltextPDF/13C00235777679CB0A0/4? accountid=32521 Sagan, C. 1995). Wonder and Skepticism, Vol 19, Issue 1. Retrieved from: http://www. positiveatheism. org/writ/saganws. htm Shogenji, T. (2011). Internalism and Externalism in Meliorative Epistemology. Retrieved from: http://search. proquest. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/cv_756002/docview/1111853938/fulltextPDF/13C06554AFF58193594/1? accountid=32521 Slick, M. (2012). Cognitive Relativism. Retrieved from: http://carm. org/secular-movements/relativism/cognitive-relativism Steup, M. (2005). Epistemology. Retrieved from: http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/epistemology/

Pest Russia

Political – The political risks are the same in any emerging market and all have to be considered by the possible new organisation. ? Russia has a reputation for organised crime and corruption which has long been an issue for any investors. ? There are very strict laws in Russia to do with mode of entry and so the country usually prefers to trade with its former Soviet allies. Potential tourists could be eliminated from entering Russia due to the strict rules on visas for all tourists entering the country. ? There are a number of policies, laws, marketing and advertising, and health and safety requirements which all international organisations must adhere to – if they do not they will be punished and may not be able to expand within Russia. Economical – Economic growth, population size and income are some of the factors which affect the choice location of firms. This transitional economy is known for high rate of inflation, foreign trade deficits, high rates of u nemployment and high costs of capital. ? Although the low labour costs are often what attracts organisations to this emerging market there are a number of hurdles which they must get over before they even get to that stage. ? The global economic crisis has caused the price of oil and gas to ‘dwindle’ which has caused huge fluctuations in the Rouble. ‘The EIUU forecasts 2. 5% GDP growth for 2010 and 4. 1% for 2011, which represents a stronger and quicker rebound than in Western Europe’ (Geieregger, Chawala and Veller 2009) ? ‘Russia has undergone significant changes since the collapse of the Soviet Union, moving from a globally-isolates, centrally-planned economy to a more market-based and globally-integrated economy’ (Central Intelligence Agency 2010). Social Russia has the largest land mass in the world spanning over 17,000,000 square kilometres. ? Russia has a low populations growth at -0. 465% Technological ? Certain parts of Russia are impr oving on their infrastructure. For example Sochi are developing the local rail network as well as redeveloping one of their airport terminals in order to be able to hand the pressure from visitors at the 2014 Olympic Games

hunchback of notre dame essays

hunchback of notre dame essays In this novel The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (1831), Victor Hugo talks about the life of his characters in the city of Paris. This story takes place in the late-fourteenth century. With inequality all around it was hard for a person to gain respect without good looks or social status. In this paper I will mainly discuss the story of Quasimodoe Esmeralda, and their struggle in this story Quasimodoe's mother was a gypsy. She could not take care of him any longer so she left him in front of a church. Gypsies were not liked at this time, but the church was highly respected. Being it that Quasimodo's mom had left him on front steps of the church the king could do almost nothing. Quasimodoe could not leave the church due to the fact that he was deformed and ugly. Quasimodo grew very lonely and bored up in that bell tower all by him self. He was looking down one day and set eyes upon a young woman named Esmerelda. On the day of fools Quasimodo saw this young lady and decided to go down and tak e a closer look at this woman. It was a holiday, feast of fools, when he decided to go down. When the people saw him they were horrified. He got whipped and lectured by his master. Well, to make a long story short Esmerelda ends up dyeing, and Quaismodo runs away and is never seen or heard of again. They state that in the end they find two skeletons lying in each others arms. One the body of a lady (Esmerelda), and the other the body of a man who was deformed (Quaismodo). It also states that the woman was hung, but the man died because he had come there by himself and died there.There are many examples of Historical Significance in this book. One of which is the power of the church. The church mostly controlled everything back then. My second example is the way that they talked. They sounded more sophisticated back then. It states on page 139, "Sunday in the year of my lord 1467." My third fact is the fact that they didn't like gypsies back then. They want ...

A List Of Perspectives Of The American Revolution Against The English Colonization

A List Of Perspectives Of The American Revolution Against The English Colonization The American Revolution against the English Colonization as well as other European colonizers has multiple perspectives despite sharing common goals. In general, the colonies were tired of impositions and control from the European masters that kept changing and were sometimes unreasonable in executing the goals of the colonialists. One notable example is England’s persistent mixing of religion and government business against the wishes of majority of colonialists. The Church of England had become an instrument to enforce punitive laws and was used to stop religious liberty because such freedom had the potential to trigger growth of other forms of leadership (Norton, Kamensky, Sheriff, Blight, Chudacoff, Logevall, Michals, 2014). In the meantime, the colonial administrators on the ground continually felt like slaves to the European masters that controlled the productivity of the colonies. This essay explores two primary sources in providing an understanding the triggers of con flict between American colonies and the Great Britain. Patrick John and Gerald Peters in their account titled, â€Å"Constitutional Debates on Freedom of Religion: Documentary History† published in 1999 focuses on colonial events in Virginia, Northern America. This was during the early 1600s when politics and religion were entwined, a common practice for all European powerhouses such as France, Spain and England (Patrick Gerald, 1999). The church directly received the support of the then government and reciprocated in equal measures. The object of inversion was to influence the natives of America or other overseas colonies into Christianity and thus implant the foreign government in administrative roles. As a result, the colonial proprietors had to follow policies and guidelines dictated by the government. It was difficult enough to convert the natives into Christianity as a religion and from different European States. Shifting from one form of Christianity to another was a daunting task and a cause of confusion because it also m eant to transition from one form of government to another. An example is the imposition of the Anglican Church for its purpose and at the same time resisting the spread of the Roman Catholic Church (Patrick Gerald, 1999). This was a direct form of conflict between England and either Spain or France. Peter Brock through his version of the Revolution titled, â€Å"Liberty and Conscience: A Documentary History of the Experiences of Conscientious Objectors in America through the Civil War†, echoes Patrick John’s and Gerald Peters’ sentiments. However, he draws a connection between religious alliances and the armies. Brock directly and indirectly portrays the inevitable struggle between religion and politics/ government. In highlighting the beliefs and plight of peace sects such as the New England Quakers, the author explores a form of religious independence that probably transversed across the European Powers’ governments. Religious independence was threatening the definition of governments through phrases such as, soldiers under the Prince of Peace (Brock, 2002). The two works by the authors discussed agree on the fact religion and civil government were intertwined and expected to work together as a system of administration. The implied dependence on one another was expected to stand under all areas of governance because the relationship guaranteed predictability of outcomes. Stability, expansion of colonies and protection of boundaries relied on constant administration over colonies. Furthermore, both publications also highlight a form of dissenting behavior. Patrick John and Gerald Peters express the resistance by colonialists based on the intertwining nature of civil government and religion. Peter Brock on the other hand, provides an interesting angle that portrays religious disagreement with the beliefs of the civil government, through a resistance to fight by peace sects, despite affiliation to particular warring European countries. In conclusion, the road to revolution stems from an increasing imbalance of interests for parties within the English colonization. The colonialists felt they had a better chance of understanding and satisfying the needs of the entire stakeholders to their pursuits. However, the European Masters such as the Great Britain and France enforced their interests mingled with religion, as a priority to the existence of colonies. As a result, general implementation of rules and activities demanded by the European Masters gradually generated a disgruntled group of colonialists.

Energy drinks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Energy drinks - Essay Example Other components of energy drinks include water, minerals, and ions among other. Many researchers have found them quite harmful and helpful in equal measures. This article analyzes several benefits and risks of energy drinks has on a person. In addition, the essay stimulates other researchers to conduct more studies on this subject and illustrate how to deal with energy drinks. Energy Drinks are associated with a variety of benefits especially for athletes, which are related with the stimulation of the muscles to enable the athletes perform at their optimum. However, there have been recent concerns over the possibility of caffeine intoxication of the energy drinks, owing to the fact that some of the energy drinks range their caffeine content from â€Å"50 mg to an alarming 505 mg† (Reissiga, Straina & Griffithsb, 2009). The major aim of the energy drink consumption is to provide energy for sustenance, endurance, concentration and performance, thus the energy drinks are manufactured and advertized targeting athletes, students and individuals in professions requiring high concentration (Gunja & Brown, 2012). Basically, the benefit associated with energy drinks is that they provide sustained and prolonged energy that can enable individuals to continue undertaking certain activities for a long time. Therefore, energy drinks have not only been used by at hletes and students, but also by people in dance parties, who are seeking to sustain the party activities into late hours (Gunja & Brown, 2012). Despite the fact that caffeine is a safe substance according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), it should be limited to maximum of 71 mg per serving (Johnson, Foster & McDowe, 2014). This simply means that the excessive content of caffeine contained in the energy drinks, up to a maximum of 500 mg per serving, has the potential of causing caffeine intoxication (Johnson, Foster & McDowe, 2014). The major target of the